Coax Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. 4. Simulation Setup. Note that Zin(l) is periodic in l. Line Length: This is the value of the distance of the transmission line. 72mil. The near-end and far-end crosstalk obtained from the built-in characteristic impedance calculator and theory is verified through 3D FDTD simulations using. It has specific width and thickness. It renders fairly accurate results suitable for use in circuit board manufacturing and. AS9100D – Military & Aerospace; IPC-A-600 Inspectors;Again, we will look at a transmission line circuit in Figure 1 to find the input impedance on a transmission line. The cross section of the coplanar waveguide is illustrated in the image above. 0 dielectric would have a delay of about 270 ps. 997E8 maters/second). 36&˚%ˇ%272+˜-˙˜. The two conductors are separated by a dielectric material. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between it and another dielectric material above the conductor (see diagram below). 4: Normalized even-mode and odd-mode effective. Calculates the absolute load impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, return loss and mismatch loss of a load. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. There are four different types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. In addition to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line, the tool also calculates: Transmission-Line Calculator. Coax Cable Transmission Line Models. 14159* (D+d)/2) C=7. The input impedance seen at the other end will be a tangential function of the coil’s electrical length. The impedance Z 0 of a transmission line consisting of a circular signal conductor having a diameter d and centered between parallel ground planes separated by a distance h is given by: Eq. Z = Impedance of circuit element (i. A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable. Make sure you understand the factors that influence transmission line impedance, and if needed, use a calculator to get an initial estimate of impedance before programming the required trace width as a design rule. 0 Power Base: The system voltampere base in MVA. This article offers an introduction to the Smith chart and how it’s used to make transmission-line calculations and fundamental impedance-matching circuits. Access technical papers, white papers, calculators, tools and more for circuit laminates, prepreg and bonding materials. 5 Power Flow on a Terminated Lossy Line. Voltage Base: The line-line voltage base in KV. Z PU GIVEN = Given Per Unit Impedance. In this example, we consider a device. A microstrip transmission line is made up of a flat conductor. As also noted in the picture, the subsequent calculations are on the: [2] top-layer single-end impedance; [3] top-layer differential impedance; [4] inner-layer differential impedance. The effective dielectric constant drives the length of the taper, this effect was not. The units are miles when using English system, or kilometers when using the Metric (SI) system. Characteristic impedance. 1 3. This transmission line calculator calculates the impedance at input and attenuation of a given transmission line once terminated with the given load. . If you want a quick and dirty way to design your traces to have a specific impedance value, you can use an online transmission line calculator. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a broadside couple stripline (see diagram below). The objective of this paper is to present techniques to estimate the zero-sequence line impedance of all sections of a three-terminal line and the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the transmission. So, the dielectric at my 5-6GHz frequency range is 3. 1 of the Microstrip Calculator using H2 in place of h, εr,eff can be computed as specified in Eq. It's easy to get a number out of an impedance calculator, but understanding what the number means and how to use it are the real challenges. 9. Description. 1, the top (visible) traces comprise one conductor, whereas the ground plane (underneath, so not. Z. 5. Wave Equations for Transmission Line Impedance and Shunt Admittance of the line . 4mil and the dielectric thickness to the first intermediate layer (this is a 4-layer board) is 6. In this ideal scenario, no power is lost, and the VSWR value is 1 : 1, which signifies 100% transmission of the input power from the source. The tool provides two networks that will have the desired impedence at that frequency, but their. Example 7. Coverage Maps by Roger Coudé, VE2DBE. and therefore alter the characteristic impedance of the transmission line! Generally, speaking, we find that this transmission lines are capacitively coupled (i. This transmission line calculator calculates the impedance at input and attenuation of a given transmission line once terminated with the given load. When you need to calculate impedance and other parameters to determine transmission line losses, you can use the integrated field solver in the Layer Stack Manager in Altium Designer ®. Altium Designer’s differential line impedance calculator will set up your impedance-controlled differential pair routing widths for you. Impedance Base: The impedance base in Ohms. Enter the source characteristic impedance and the load impedance then press "Calculate" below. The Transmission Line Calculator is a handy tool for computing various properties of a transmission line. This form of microstrip is composed of two traces. This is entirely different from leakage resistance of the dielectric separating the two conductors, and the metallic resistance of the wires themselves. The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. 3 shall be used. Building Open-Wire Lines If this were 1931, we would receive the following advice on building parallel transmission line: "An impedance of 600 ohms is both convenient and standard, however, and is entirely satisfactory for amateur systems. Inductor Q Factor. G = 2πσ ln(b / a) Figure 2. The wave length of transmission line is derived from the formula: L (wavelength in meters) = 300,000/KHz. β = 0. Include both the pcb dielectric thickness as well as the wire insulation in the height calculation. The microstrip is a very simple yet useful way to create a transmission line with a PCB. This implies that the resulting transmission line resonators are one-quarter wavelength long at 2 f 0 (i. Enter the Outer Diameter (D), Outer Diameter (d), and Permittivity. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. Commonly fabricated with printed circuit board (PCB) technology, a microstrip antenna calculator tool is an electrical transmission line that is. Just as was the case with microstrip impedance calculators, stripline impedance calculators tend to rely on either the IPC-2141 formulas or on Wadell’s equations. Gr stands for the gain of the receiving antenna. L to the beginning of the transmission line, so that we can replace the transmission line with its input impedance Z in : Note by voltage division we can determine: ()in g g in Z V zV ZZ =− = + A And from Ohm’s Law we conclude: ()g g in V Iz ZZ =− = + A And thus, the power P in delivered to Z in (and thus the power P abs delivered to the. Z. This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. 66, the trace height is 1. Figure 5. Overview. The Transmission Line Reflection Calculator has 2 sections: Input and Output. 78, and operating at a frequency of 7. 0 MHz. s. 2) Open-Circuited Line, L = ∞ (1. Formula to find β = 2π/λ. On a reference plane, there is an edge coupled differential microstrip line with two traces. 7. 2. ATLC (Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator) based on finite difference is used to find the characteristic impedance of a pair of parallel square conductors in air. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. These radio frequency calculators help with unit conversion, attenuator design, antenna design, radars, and various other basic calculators. Kenneth L. The impedance calculator in Altium Designer integrates with your PCB layer stack design tool and can calculate impedance for many transmission line geometries, including coplanar waveguides. To conduct the correct three-phase power calculation to the problem given above: Identify the given parameters — active power = 5 kW, phase voltage = 400 V and line current = 8. Admittance Base: The admittance base in Siemens. One of the features of this type of microstrip is the coupling between lines. How much power does the generator deliver? Answer: The diagram for this problem is given in the following diagram: The impedance value you calculate is the transmission line impedance the signal sees as it reflects off the mismatched load and travels on the line. One option is to use the Smith Chart, which is a graphical method of doing. 1: 300 Ω 300 Ω twin-lead. From here, we can see that, for the dielectric constant and layer stack I’ve used, a ~16 mil microstrip will have about the. Assume that we need to transform the load impedance Z L = 20 + j10 Ω to the complex conjugate of the source impedance Z S = 50 + j50 Ω—to provide a complex conjugate match between the load and source. 0. In Figure 3. 16. 2 of the Microstrip Calculator, h=H1 and b=H2-H1. This tool visually illustrates signal ringing at the. FH11 Author: dori. Identify best matched Rogers' bonding material by sorting according to design attributes. 2. 05); Calculate the S-parameters of the equation-based transmission line over the frequency range 1 – 4 GHz. 946 for silver, or 1. This has led to the development of a special radio-frequency transmission-line calculator for solving many ordinary transmission-line problems. A Microstrip is a type of electrical transmission line used to transmit RF signals and are commonly fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. approximate 4:1 impedance ratio is obtained for θ 1. to NF. The relative permittivity of the medium ϵr ≈ 1 ϵ r ≈ 1 for the. 1 where k is the solution of: Eq. Select the Z0 button to calculate the characteristic impedance of the corresponding line. The options are English system or Metric (SI) system. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. This tool can calculate. There are some advantages to using a. Z. L/2 L/2 C L C/ 2 C/ 2 Z0 , τ L = τ Z0 C = τ/ Z0 τ=A/vp Let’s approximate a shunt inductor with a transmission line section. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. A stripline is formed by a conducting strip in a substrate sandwiched by ground planes above and below the strip. Our RF calculators and converters will provide the figures you need for your radio frequency engineering needs. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline - a flat conductor between two ground planes whose distance between the conductor and the planes is the same for both reference planes. In this section the four main impedance transformers are compared: the linear taper, the Klopfenstein taper, the quarter-wave transformer and the two-section quarter-wave transformer. m. In transmission line theory, the mismatch loss (ML) is the ratio of incident power (Pi) to the difference between incident and reflected power (Pr). A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. Coplanar waveguide transmission line calculators (CPW, GCPW) I’ve just emerged from a rabbit hole & thought I’d share what I learned regarding available impedance calculators for coplanar waveguide (CPW) and coplanar waveguide w/GND (GCPW). Dielectric loss in a PCB transmission line. Line Length Units: The line length units specify the measurement system to use when entering the line length. 33 mA. LPARA, an existing software at The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC), has been. Impedance calculationEven and Odd Mode Impedance. Height: Height of the substrate. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the trace along with the dielectric thickness and constant of the coupled line. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of coplanar waveguide with ground or microstrip lines with signal side ground plane can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. The calculator uses the formula: L =20log10 ( λ 4 πd )+10log10 ( (4 π )2 Gt Gr )+Line Loss. Consider a voltage source, with generator impedance Zg, hooked to an antenna with impedance ZA via a transmission line. The tool implements numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations to render accurate and consistent results. Support for Coplanar Transmission Line Structures. RF Two Wire Transmission Line Loss Calculator. Where: Z0 Z 0 = characteristic impedance of the asymmetric stripline in ohms (Ω). It accounts for ground wires, ground return, and mutual coupling between circuits. Coaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. Z PU = Per Unit Impedance. One other open source calculator is atlc. The user only needs to enter the attenuation in decibels (dB) and the given characteristic impedance of the transmission lines to be matched. PowerWorld Transmission Line Parameter Calculator v. e. Verified with Agilent LineCalc and Agilent Momentum. 54 + 0. c is the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second). There are four factors that generally enter the solution of problems involving the changing input impedance along a line. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the. Impedance Calculator. 4. 1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. The amplitude increases as the coupling length increases up to a point. Building Open-Wire Lines If this were 1931, we would receive the following advice on building parallel transmission line: "An impedance of 600 ohms is both convenient and standard, however, and is entirely satisfactory for amateur systems. H 2 H 2 = subtrate height 2. Sierra Circuits’ Via Impedance Calculator uses the physical dimensions of a via to calculate its capacitance, inductance, and impedance. 1 is the input impedance of a lossless transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0 and which is terminated into a load ZL. Because designing a transmission line means you keep manipulating the characteristic properties of a twisted pair, to see which values will give the best results. First, calculating the line impedance: taking the 75 Ω we desire the source to “see” at the source-end of the transmission line, and multiplying by the 300 Ω load resistance, we. An example follows. Assume microstrip line for which propagation occurs with. 0-4ˇ% /. of EECS Æ Either way, the “box” can be fully characterized by its impedance matrix! First, note that each transmission line has a specific location that effectively defines the input to the device (i. Z 0 unit of measurement is ohms (Ω) is also known as surge impedance. Under common mode driving (same magnitude, same polarity), the even mode impedance is the impedance of one transmission line in the pair. Figure 2 is the diagram of a transposed transmission line showing the self-impedance Z. 71. 45 for gold. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. The Coplanar Transmission Line Calculator is a valuable tool used in electrical engineering to determine the characteristic impedance of a specific transmission line. Understanding coax can be helpful when working with it. 1. Microstrip Transmission Line Models. To use the calculator, place values in either the velocity of propagation field or the dielectric constant field. Rogers Advanced Connectivity Solutions (ACS) has introduced an updated design program that is free to download called the MWI-2017 Microwave Impedance Calculator, a transmission line modeling tool for electronics engineers (setting up an account is required). Z V 3=0 V 4=0. In this section, zo is calculated for four common transmission lines — coaxial, twin-lead, parallel plate, and microstrip. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Equations used to make these calculations can be found in the book [1], and are also. 125) wavelength long, using 50 ohm line with a velocity factor of 0. If this were a load on the line, we recognize from transmission-lineTable 7. The dimensions of some of the. Home; Site Map; CPW (grounded) line calculator. Since the argument of the complex exponential factors is 2βl, the frequency. The formula used in this calculator is an approximation for the characteristic impedance of a coplanar waveguide: scssCopy code. Calculation parameters: The conducting wire of circuit and material the inductor is made from, are both uniform and they have the same thickness everywhere; the source supplies AC current. You have the option of specifying which impedance will be used in the renormalization. L L ZjX= If the load is purely reactive (i. Example 3. For more advanced calculations involving S-parameter extraction, Altium Designer users can use the EDB Exporter extension to import their. ) X C = Capacitor Bank Impedance (ohms) X C-PU = Capacitor Bank Per Unit Impedance. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. The Coaxial Line Impedance (Z0) Calculator is a valuable tool for engineers working with RF and telecommunications systems. It is one of the most popular transmission lines used in the VHF frequency range. The Differential Pair Impedance Calculator is a specialized tool used in electrical engineering and signal integrity analysis to determine the characteristic impedance of a differential pair of transmission lines. Note: The results are only for approximation and rough. Users need only specify the material. Characteristic impedance (Z 0) calculator - step by step calculation, formula & solved example problem to find the characteristic impedance of the lossless transmission line. e. All the math involved is well explained and documented by Dan AC6LA on his site. 6 A, respectively, determine the power factor of the delta system. The coax is a good way to create a transmission line. Overview. If the ground plane is treated as a universal ground, then the model of a segment of length Δz is as shown in Figure 2. **Note: Like our microstrip line impedance. On-line RF engineering calculators for designing air coil inductors, other transmission lines, filters and antennas. Transmission Line Calculator March 6, 2007. Without repeating everything in that article, the input impedance depends. This tool helps you create a matching circuit so that optimal power transfer occurs between unmatched loads. In other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. Thickness: Thickness of the microstrip conductor. Adding shunt inductance moves clockwise along constant admittance circles. 1. A λ /4 line is, in effect, a transformer, and in fact is often referred to as a quarter-wave transformer. , the resistive component is zero), the input impedance is: Z 0,β A ZL=Z0 in 0 ZZ=Transmission lines Transmission line concepts and an online transmission line calculator by Owen Duffy, VK1OD. 6. These quantities - source impedance, line impedance and load impedance, respectively - must equal one another (impedance matching]) to ensure the efficient transmission of power. Calculates the width of a Microstrip Transmission Line. A Clemson ECE635 Project by Adam Schreiber and Jason Byers. L to the beginning of the transmission line, so that we can replace the transmission line with its input impedance Z in : Note by voltage division we can determine: ()in g g in Z V zV ZZ =− = + A And from Ohm’s Law we conclude: ()g g in V Iz ZZ =− = + A And thus, the power P in delivered to Z in (and thus the power P abs delivered to the. INPUT DATA. 6), the impedance will be approximately 50 Ohms. Z_Load. a. 0 . A microstrip is a type of transmission line in which a strip of a conducting material like copper is mounted on a dielectric material and routed to a ground plane. Free Windows program for calculating the loss and impedance transformation. A cross-section of a microstrip transmission line is shown below. The calculated values are displayed in the Transmission Line section of the Properties panel, when the Impedance tab is selected in the Layer Stack Manager, as shown below. The software also has some capabilities for predicting transmission line losses as well. In other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. Another way of stating it is that it is the ratio of voltage and current of a wave traveling in one direction in the. 1: Impedance-matching using a quarter-wavelength transmission line. What this means is that the center point of the chart now represents 50 +j 0 ohms–a pure resis-tance equal to the characteristic impedance of the line. com Microstrip Impedance Calculator. The wires are encased in plastic ribbon of polyethylene which is strong and flexible. For more information see About. , USB. zo depends upon the geometry and the material of the transmission line. When you want to determine the width and length of a microstrip line for any given characteristic impedance and electrical length, or vice versa, a microstrip calculator is the right tool to do so. A Grounded CPW transmission line calculator. Though it's important to note that these properties are distributed throughout the entire length of the transmission line, lumping them all together we can model a transmission line as: The characteristic impedance is then: $$. The Excel based tool (see link below) calculates the capacitance and inductance per unit length as well as the impedance of a transmission line. 4) 2. Kenneth L. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. 3: Normalized characteristic impedance and normalized effective permittivity of a microstrip line as a function of u = w / h. The surface finish is neglected. Pasternack's RF Calculators and Conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. The Transmission Line Calculator is a handy tool for computing various properties of a transmission line. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. 12. zo depends upon the geometry and the material of the transmission line. 42 and later, which calculates all three symmetrical components (zero, positive, and negative sequence values) of the line impedance. In the limit of a very long transmission line (such as when the line length is many multiples of the wavelength), then the tanh function eventually converges to 1. 8/ (Er^0. 16. Edge Coupled Stripline Differential Impedance Calculator. The impedance of a PCB trace can be calculated using the formula for the characteristic impedance of a transmission line: Why are PCB tracks 50 ohm? A 50-ohm transmission line is commonly used in high-frequency applications due to its balanced properties of signal integrity, power handling, and manufacturability. Note: All. The impedance calculator in Altium Designer integrates with your PCB layer stack design tool and can calculate impedance for many transmission line geometries, including coplanar waveguides. 2, and Section 2. 3) Matched Line, L = Z C (1. 39 for the effective dielectric constant. This calculator assumes the distance between the two reference planes to be an equal distance. The Impedance Calculator will calculate the: The impedance of a RLC circuit when resistance, capacitance and inductance are given. Figure 1: Transmission Line connects generator and the load. Except in the case of a handy little design program called the MWI-2010 Microwave Impedance Calculator, available for free download from the Rogers Corporation website. 946 for silver, or 1. Impedance calculation Even and Odd Mode Impedance. Return to the top. Stripline transmission line. Frequency span ±. What is Microstrip Impedance? See full list on hamwaves. Comments. The transformation ratio goes to zero at θ= π. These equations are relatively simple compared to other transmission line geometries, comprising only 2 interrelated equations for the microstrip impedance and. Distance relays require knowledge of the positive-sequence (Z 1L) and zero-sequence (Z 0L) impedances of the line. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. Sierra Circuits’ Transmission Line Reflection Calculator. In this case we use the Greek. 2. How to calculate reflection coefficient? Reflection coefficient (Γ) is calculated by using the following formula. Height: Height of the substrate. Find the voltage at the receiving end when the voltage at the sending end is 66 kV. As always, use this information at your own risk. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. Edge Coupled Stripline Differential Impedance Calculator. Transmission Line Parameter Calculator; PCB Trace Impedance Calculator; Electromagnetic Modeling Tools; Upcoming EMC Events. - Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator (for transmission lines and directional couplers) Transmission lines, including directional couplers, of arbitrary cross section and an arbitrary number of dielectrics can be analysed with atlc. The actual input impedance to the terminated line isIn other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. In synthesis mode, the desired characteristic impedance and electrical length are entered and the program calculates the required width and length for the transmission line. All the math involved is well explained and documented by Dan AC6LA on his site. Then the transverse field is dominant and the fields are called quasi-TEM. Outer Diameter. Z o = Characteristic impedance in ohms. ) X C = Capacitor Bank Impedance (ohms) X C-PU = Capacitor Bank Per Unit Impedance. The capacitor will have its own input impedance value (Z inC ), which depends on the input impedance of transmission line #2 and the load impedance. In terms of the characteristic impedance. Most High-speed PCB designs can’t function properly if the Print Circuit Board designers miscalculate transmission line impedance. “The Surface Microstrip Impedance Equation”. Description. This transmission line calculator. The circuit schematic for the Type C Pulse Forming Network is shown below. TX-LINE software is a free and easy-to-use Windows-based interactive transmission line calculator for the analysis and synthesis of transmission line structures. 3 relates the RLGC transmission line model to the properties of a medium. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. HF Antenna Trimming Chart. With our handy calculator, you can choose from 50 Ohm, 75 Ohm, 93 Ohm and 95 Ohm coaxial cables. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. It also gives an estimate of the mismatched loss if the mismatch is specified. (FWIW, I’m using Kicad 6. Calculation parameters: The conducting wire of circuit and material the inductor is made from, are both uniform and they have the same thickness everywhere; the source supplies AC current. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. One should always check carefully whether a calculator implements these equations under the appropriate approximations. Gt is the gain of the transmitting antenna. A commonly-encountered form of parallel wire transmission line is 300 Ω 300 Ω twin-lead. 2 and 3. The development of transmission line theory is presented in Section 3. 0. e. The first section, Section 2. The Surge Impedance Loading calculator computes the power loading of a transmission line based on the line to line voltage and the surge impedance. The spacing between the wires is 5mm and the measured impedance is ~200 ohms. Solution of Wave Equations (cont. 1 is the input impedance of a lossless transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0 and which is terminated into a load ZL. 0041. While Z 1L is directly input into the relay as a setting, Z 0L is needed. This can be achieved by regulating the inner and outer diameter of the coaxial cable, along with the. 5. One thing is for sure: When you are routing a high-speed PCB design you are going to be working with impedance-controlled routing and. 1. First, calculating the line impedance: taking the 75 Ω we desire the source to “see” at the source-end of the transmission line, and multiplying by the 300 Ω load. Moreover, this tool can. Antenna Modelling with Numerical Electromagnetic Code. In other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. It will also depend on current ‘I2’ in line 2 through coupling or mutual impedance ‘Zm’ between lines 1 and 2. 0 MHz. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the trace along with the dielectric thickness and constant of the coupled line. In some cases, users require a custom impedance value. Effective Dielectric Constant ( εeff ):2. 1: 300-to- 50 Ω match using an quarter-wave section of line. 5. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. 1. Z. 6. Antenna Element Calculator.